path: root/man/pass.1

.TH PASS 1 "2014 March 18" ZX2C4 "Password Store"

.SH NAME
pass - stores, retrieves, generates, and synchronizes passwords securely

.SH SYNOPSIS
.B pass
[ 
.I COMMAND
] [ 
.I OPTIONS
]... [ 
.I ARGS
]...

.SH DESCRIPTION

.B pass 
is a very simple password store that keeps passwords inside 
.BR gpg2 (1)
encrypted files inside a simple directory tree residing at 
.IR ~/.password-store .
The
.B pass
utility provides a series of commands for manipulating the password store,
allowing the user to add, remove, edit, synchronize, generate, and manipulate
passwords.

If no COMMAND is specified, COMMAND defaults to either
.B show
or
.BR ls ,
depending on the type of specifier in ARGS. Alternatively, if \fIPASSWORD_STORE_ENABLE_EXTENSIONS\fP
is set to "true", and the file \fI.extensions/COMMAND.bash\fP exists inside the
password store and is executable, then it is sourced into the environment,
passing any arguments and environment variables.

Otherwise COMMAND must be one of the valid commands listed below.

Several of the commands below rely on or provide additional functionality if
the password store directory is also a git repository. If the password store
directory is a git repository, all password store modification commands will
cause a corresponding git commit. See the \fIEXTENDED GIT EXAMPLE\fP section
for a detailed description using \fBinit\fP and
.BR git (1).

The \fBinit\fP command must be run before other commands in order to initialize
the password store with the correct gpg key id. Passwords are encrypted using
the gpg key set with \fBinit\fP.

There is a corresponding bash completion script for use with tab completing
password names in
.BR bash (1).

.SH COMMANDS

.TP
\fBinit\fP [ \fI--path=sub-folder\fP, \fI-p sub-folder\fP ] \fIgpg-id...\fP
Initialize new password storage and use
.I gpg-id
for encryption. Multiple gpg-ids may be specified, in order to encrypt each
password with multiple ids. This command must be run first before a password
store can be used. If the specified \fIgpg-id\fP is different from the key
used in any existing files, these files will be reencrypted to use the new id.
Note that use of
.BR gpg-agent (1)
is recommended so that the batch decryption does not require as much user
intervention. If \fI--path\fP or \fI-p\fP is specified, along with an argument,
a specific gpg-id or set of gpg-ids is assigned for that specific sub folder of
the password store. If only one \fIgpg-id\fP is given, and it is an empty string,
then the current \fI.gpg-id\fP file for the specified \fIsub-folder\fP (or root if
unspecified) is removed.
.TP
\fBls\fP \fIsubfolder\fP
List names of passwords inside the tree at
.I subfolder
by using the
.BR tree (1)
program. This command is alternatively named \fBlist\fP.
.TP
\fBgrep\fP \fIsearch-string\fP
Searches inside each decrypted password file for \fIsearch-string\fP, and displays line
containing matched string along with filename. Uses
.BR grep (1)
for matching. Make use of the \fIGREP_OPTIONS\fP environment variable to set particular
options.
.TP
\fBfind\fP \fIpass-names\fP...
List names of passwords inside the tree that match \fIpass-names\fP by using the
.BR tree (1)
program. This command is alternatively named \fBsearch\fP.
.TP
\fBshow\fP [ \fI--clip\fP[=\fIline-number\fP], \fI-c\fP[\fIline-number\fP] ] [ \fI--qrcode\fP[=\fIline-number\fP], \fI-q\fP[\fIline-number\fP] ] \fIpass-name\fP
Decrypt and print a password named \fIpass-name\fP. If \fI--clip\fP or \fI-c\fP
is specified, do not print the password but instead copy the first (or otherwise specified)
line to the clipboard using
.BR xclip (1)
and then restore the clipboard after 45 (or \fIPASSWORD_STORE_CLIP_TIME\fP) seconds. If \fI--qrcode\fP
or \fI-q\fP is specified, do not print the password but instead display a QR code using
.BR qrencode (1)
either to the terminal or graphically if supported.
.TP
\fBinsert\fP [ \fI--echo\fP, \fI-e\fP | \fI--multiline\fP, \fI-m\fP ] [ \fI--force\fP, \fI-f\fP ] \fIpass-name\fP
Insert a new password into the password store called \fIpass-name\fP. This will
read the new password from standard in. If \fI--echo\fP or \fI-e\fP is \fInot\fP specified,
disable keyboard echo when the password is entered and confirm the password by asking
for it twice. If \fI--multiline\fP or \fI-m\fP is specified, lines will be read until
EOF or Ctrl+D is reached. Otherwise, only a single line from standard in is read. Prompt
before overwriting an existing password, unless \fI--force\fP or \fI-f\fP is specified. This
command is alternatively named \fBadd\fP.
.TP
\fBedit\fP \fIpass-name\fP
Insert a new password or edit an existing password using the default text editor specified
by the environment variable \fIEDITOR\fP or using
.BR vi (1)
as a fallback. This mode makes use of temporary files for editing, but care is taken to
ensure that temporary files are created in \fI/dev/shm\fP in order to avoid writing to
difficult-to-erase disk sectors. If \fI/dev/shm\fP is not accessible, fallback to
the ordinary \fITMPDIR\fP location, and print a warning.
.TP
\fBgenerate\fP [ \fI--no-symbols\fP, \fI-n\fP ] [ \fI--clip\fP, \fI-c\fP ] [ \fI--in-place\fP, \fI-i\fP | \fI--force\fP, \fI-f\fP ] \fIpass-name [pass-length]\fP
Generate a new password using \fB/dev/urandom\fP of length \fIpass-length\fP
(or \fIPASSWORD_STORE_GENERATED_LENGTH\fP if unspecified) and insert into
\fIpass-name\fP. If \fI--no-symbols\fP or \fI-n\fP is specified, do not use
any non-alphanumeric characters in the generated password. The character sets used
in generating passwords can be changed with the \fIPASSWORD_STORE_CHARACTER_SET\fP and
\fIPASSWORD_STORE_CHARACTER_SET_NO_SYMBOLS\fP environment variables, described below.
If \fI--clip\fP or \fI-c\fP is specified, do not print the password but instead copy
it to the clipboard using
.BR xclip (1)
and then restore the clipboard after 45 (or \fIPASSWORD_STORE_CLIP_TIME\fP) seconds. If \fI--qrcode\fP
or \fI-q\fP is specified, do not print the password but instead display a QR code using
.BR qrencode (1)
either to the terminal or graphically if supported. Prompt before overwriting an existing password,
unless \fI--force\fP or \fI-f\fP is specified. If \fI--in-place\fP or \fI-i\fP is
specified, do not interactively prompt, and only replace the first line of the password
file with the new generated password, keeping the remainder of the file intact.
.TP
\fBrm\fP [ \fI--recursive\fP, \fI-r\fP ] [ \fI--force\fP, \fI-f\fP ] \fIpass-name\fP
Remove the password named \fIpass-name\fP from the password store. This command is
alternatively named \fBremove\fP or \fBdelete\fP. If \fI--recursive\fP or \fI-r\fP
is specified, delete pass-name recursively if it is a directory. If \fI--force\fP
or \fI-f\fP is specified, do not interactively prompt before removal.
.TP
\fBmv\fP [ \fI--force\fP, \fI-f\fP ] \fIold-path\fP \fInew-path\fP
Renames the password or directory named \fIold-path\fP to \fInew-path\fP. This
command is alternatively named \fBrename\fP. If \fI--force\fP is specified,
silently overwrite \fInew-path\fP if it exists. If \fInew-path\fP ends in a
trailing \fI/\fP, it is always treated as a directory. Passwords are selectively
reencrypted to the corresponding keys of their new destination.
.TP
\fBcp\fP [ \fI--force\fP, \fI-f\fP ] \fIold-path\fP \fInew-path\fP
Copies the password or directory named \fIold-path\fP to \fInew-path\fP. This
command is alternatively named \fBcopy\fP. If \fI--force\fP is specified,
silently overwrite \fInew-path\fP if it exists. If \fInew-path\fP ends in a
trailing \fI/\fP, it is always treated as a directory. Passwords are selectively
reencrypted to the corresponding keys of their new destination.
.TP
\fBgit\fP \fIgit-command-args\fP...
If the password store is a git repository, pass \fIgit-command-args\fP as arguments to
.BR git (1)
using the password store as the git repository. If \fIgit-command-args\fP is \fBinit\fP,
in addition to initializing the git repository, add the current contents of the password
store to the repository in an initial commit. If the git config key \fIpass.signcommits\fP
is set to \fItrue\fP, then all commits will be signed using \fIuser.signingkey\fP or the
default git signing key. This config key may be turned on using:
.B `pass git config --bool --add pass.signcommits true`
.TP
\fBhelp\fP
Show usage message.
.TP
\fBversion\fP
Show version information.

.SH SIMPLE EXAMPLES

.TP
Initialize password store
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass init Jason@zx2c4.com 
.br
mkdir: created directory \[u2018]/home/zx2c4/.password-store\[u2019] 
.br
Password store initialized for Jason@zx2c4.com.
.TP
List existing passwords in store
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass 
.br
Password Store
.br
\[u251C]\[u2500]\[u2500] Business 
.br
\[u2502]   \[u251C]\[u2500]\[u2500] some-silly-business-site.com 
.br
\[u2502]   \[u2514]\[u2500]\[u2500] another-business-site.net 
.br
\[u251C]\[u2500]\[u2500] Email 
.br
\[u2502]   \[u251C]\[u2500]\[u2500] donenfeld.com 
.br
\[u2502]   \[u2514]\[u2500]\[u2500] zx2c4.com 
.br
\[u2514]\[u2500]\[u2500] France 
.br
    \[u251C]\[u2500]\[u2500] bank 
.br
    \[u251C]\[u2500]\[u2500] freebox 
.br
    \[u2514]\[u2500]\[u2500] mobilephone  
.br

.br
Alternatively, "\fBpass ls\fP".
.TP
Find existing passwords in store that match .com
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass find .com
.br
Search Terms: .com
.br
\[u251C]\[u2500]\[u2500] Business 
.br
\[u2502]   \[u251C]\[u2500]\[u2500] some-silly-business-site.com 
.br
\[u2514]\[u2500]\[u2500] Email 
.br
    \[u251C]\[u2500]\[u2500] donenfeld.com 
.br
    \[u2514]\[u2500]\[u2500] zx2c4.com 
.br

.br
Alternatively, "\fBpass search .com\fP".
.TP
Show existing password
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass Email/zx2c4.com 
.br
sup3rh4x3rizmynam3 
.TP
Copy existing password to clipboard
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass -c Email/zx2c4.com 
.br
Copied Email/jason@zx2c4.com to clipboard. Will clear in 45 seconds.
.TP
Add password to store
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass insert Business/cheese-whiz-factory 
.br
Enter password for Business/cheese-whiz-factory: omg so much cheese what am i gonna do
.TP
Add multiline password to store 
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass insert -m Business/cheese-whiz-factory 
.br
Enter contents of Business/cheese-whiz-factory and press Ctrl+D when finished: 
.br
 
.br
Hey this is my 
.br
awesome 
.br
multi 
.br
line 
.br
passworrrrrrrrd. 
.br
^D 
.TP
Generate new password
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass generate Email/jasondonenfeld.com 15 
.br
The generated password to Email/jasondonenfeld.com is: 
.br
$(-QF&Q=IN2nFBx
.TP
Generate new alphanumeric password
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass generate -n Email/jasondonenfeld.com 12
.br
The generated password to Email/jasondonenfeld.com is: 
.br
YqFsMkBeO6di
.TP
Generate new password and copy it to the clipboard
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass generate -c Email/jasondonenfeld.com 19
.br
Copied Email/jasondonenfeld.com to clipboard. Will clear in 45 seconds.
.TP
Remove password from store
.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass remove Business/cheese-whiz-factory 
.br
rm: remove regular file \[u2018]/home/zx2c4/.password-store/Business/cheese-whiz-factory.gpg\[u2019]? y 
.br
removed \[u2018]/home/zx2c4/.password-store/Business/cheese-whiz-factory.gpg\[u2019]

.SH EXTENDED GIT EXAMPLE
Here, we initialize new password store, create a git repository, and then manipulate and sync passwords. Make note of the arguments to the first call of \fBpass git push\fP; consult
.BR git-push (1)
for more information.

.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass init Jason@zx2c4.com 
.br
mkdir: created directory \[u2018]/home/zx2c4/.password-store\[u2019] 
.br
Password store initialized for Jason@zx2c4.com. 

.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass git init 
.br
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/zx2c4/.password-store/.git/
.br
[master (root-commit) 998c8fd] Added current contents of password store.
.br
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
.br
 create mode 100644 .gpg-id

.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass git remote add origin kexec.com:pass-store 

.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass generate Amazon/amazonemail@email.com 21 
.br
mkdir: created directory \[u2018]/home/zx2c4/.password-store/Amazon\[u2019] 
.br
[master 30fdc1e] Added generated password for Amazon/amazonemail@email.com to store.
.br
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) 
.br
create mode 100644 Amazon/amazonemail@email.com.gpg 
.br
The generated password to Amazon/amazonemail@email.com is: 
.br
<5m,_BrZY`antNDxKN<0A 

.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass git push -u --all
.br
Counting objects: 4, done. 
.br
Delta compression using up to 2 threads. 
.br
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done. 
.br
Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 921 bytes, done. 
.br
Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) 
.br
To kexec.com:pass-store 
.br
* [new branch]      master -> master 
.br
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin. 

.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass insert Amazon/otheraccount@email.com 
.br
Enter password for Amazon/otheraccount@email.com: som3r3a11yb1gp4ssw0rd!!88** 
.br
[master b9b6746] Added given password for Amazon/otheraccount@email.com to store. 
.br
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) 
.br
create mode 100644 Amazon/otheraccount@email.com.gpg 

.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass rm Amazon/amazonemail@email.com 
.br
rm: remove regular file \[u2018]/home/zx2c4/.password-store/Amazon/amazonemail@email.com.gpg\[u2019]? y 
.br
removed \[u2018]/home/zx2c4/.password-store/Amazon/amazonemail@email.com.gpg\[u2019] 
.br
rm 'Amazon/amazonemail@email.com.gpg' 
.br
[master 288b379] Removed Amazon/amazonemail@email.com from store. 
.br
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) 
.br
delete mode 100644 Amazon/amazonemail@email.com.gpg 

.B zx2c4@laptop ~ $ pass git push
.br
Counting objects: 9, done. 
.br
Delta compression using up to 2 threads. 
.br
Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. 
.br
Writing objects: 100% (7/7), 1.25 KiB, done. 
.br
Total 7 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) 
.br
To kexec.com:pass-store

.SH FILES

.TP
.B ~/.password-store
The default password storage directory.
.TP
.B ~/.password-store/.gpg-id
Contains the default gpg key identification used for encryption and decryption.
Multiple gpg keys may be specified in this file, one per line. If this file
exists in any sub directories, passwords inside those sub directories are
encrypted using those keys. This should be set using the \fBinit\fP command.
.TP
.B ~/.password-store/.extensions
The directory containing extension files.

.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_DIR
Overrides the default password storage directory.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_KEY
Overrides the default gpg key identification set by \fBinit\fP. Keys must not
contain spaces and thus use of the hexadecimal key signature is recommended.
Multiple keys may be specified separated by spaces. 
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_GIT
Overrides the default root of the git repository, which is helpful if
\fIPASSWORD_STORE_DIR\fP is temporarily set to a sub-directory of the default
password store.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_GPG_OPTS
Additional options to be passed to all invocations of GPG.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_X_SELECTION
Overrides the selection passed to \fBxclip\fP, by default \fIclipboard\fP. See
.BR xclip (1)
for more info.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_CLIP_TIME
Specifies the number of seconds to wait before restoring the clipboard, by default
\fI45\fP seconds.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_UMASK
Sets the umask of all files modified by pass, by default \fI077\fP.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_GENERATED_LENGTH
The default password length if the \fIpass-length\fP parameter to \fBgenerate\fP
is unspecified.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_CHARACTER_SET
The character set to be used in password generation for \fBgenerate\fP. This value
is to be interpreted by \fBtr\fP. See
.BR tr (1)
for more info.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_CHARACTER_SET_NO_SYMBOLS
The character set to be used in no-symbol password generation for \fBgenerate\fP,
when \fI--no-symbols\fP, \fI-n\fP is specified. This value is to be interpreted
by \fBtr\fP. See
.BR tr (1)
for more info.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_ENABLE_EXTENSIONS
This environment variable must be set to "true" for extensions to be enabled.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_EXTENSIONS_DIR
The location to look for executable extension files, by default
\fIPASSWORD_STORE_DIR/.extensions\fP.
.TP
.I PASSWORD_STORE_SIGNING_KEY
If this environment variable is set, then all \fB.gpg-id\fP files and extension files
must be signed using a detached signature using the GPG key specified by the full 40 character
upper-case fingerprint in this variable. If multiple fingerprints are specified, each
separated by a whitespace character, then signatures must match at least one.
The \fBinit\fP command will keep signatures of \fB.gpg-id\fP files up to date.
.TP
.I EDITOR
The location of the text editor used by \fBedit\fP.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR gpg2 (1),
.BR tr (1),
.BR git (1),
.BR xclip (1),
.BR qrencode (1).

.SH AUTHOR
.B pass
was written by
.MT Jason@zx2c4.com
Jason A. Donenfeld
.ME .
For updates and more information, a project page is available on the
.UR http://\:www.passwordstore.org/
World Wide Web
.UE .

.SH COPYING
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.